Punca-punca Stres Belajar

Dalam proses menjadi seseorang pelajar, seseorang itu akan mengalami stres dari pelbagai punca seperti akademik, keluarga, kewangan, rakan sebaya mahupun persekitaran pembelajaran. Kali ini saya hanya membincangkan dari aspek akademik dan persekitaran pembelajaran yang sering menjadi punca kepada stres belajar.

Stres Belajar

Memang tidak dinafikan seseorang guru yang membuat keputusan untuk melanjutkan pelajaran sama ada ke peringkat ijazah, sarjana atau PHD, mereka akan mengalami stres belajar sepanjang pengajian mereka sama ada di IPG mahupun di universiti. Ini dibuktikan daripada dapatan kajian yang telah dibuat oleh pengkaji-pengkaji terdahulu.

Model-model Stres

     

          

Teori Stres Antony, Pervew & Kacmar

      

       Antony, Pervew & Kacmar (1993) dalam Matt Jarvis (2002) mendefinisikan stress sebagai interaksi antara individu dengan dengan persekitaran yang digambarkan oleh perubahan fizikal dan psikologi. Perubahan ini boleh memberi kesan positif dan negatif. 

My blog, My Story, My Word

Assalamualaikum..so baru nak share dekat facebook my personal blog sebab nak bagi blog betul-betul dah ready. Harap boleh jadi my followers.All this photo credit to Raeymie Mokhtar.

Bergumbira bersama bff di Perlis, negeriku

Kali ni seramai 7 orang sahabat iaitu jojie, shafie, faishal, remy, fauzi, fadhli dan zawawi datang membuat kunjungan ke negeri Perlis. Mereka bertolak dari poh pukul 11 pagi dan tiba di rumah saya jam 3.30 petang. So saya hidangkan mereka dengan laksa kuala Perlis yang terkenal iteww.

Sehari Di Hatyai

Kali ni, saya dengan 7 orang kawan dah rancang nak g hatyai. Ini dah masuk kali ketiga saya dah ke hatyai.

Moist Carrot Cake

Resepi ni sumbangan my friend, Shafie yang dia ambil dari Azie Kitchen. First time nak wat kek sebenarnya. Huhuu Alhamdullilah menjadi pulak tu.

Konsep Kendiri

Carl rogers (1950), menyatakan diri di mana individu itu sendiri berikan kepada dirinya  sendiri  secara sedar apabila menggunakan perkataan “saya” atau “aku”.

Etika dalam Penyelidikan

Etika adalah garis panduan untuk melengkapkan setiap kajian.  Penyelidik yang tidak mematuhi etika akan merosakkan reputasi penyelidikan.  Mematuhi etika adalah tanggungjawab penyelidik Kegagalan mematuhi etika akan mengugat kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan kajian yang dijalankan.Berikut adalah aspek yang perlu dipatuhi dalam mematuhi etika dalam penyelidikan:

Kajian Kualitatif

 Empat kategori utama kajian kualitatif;

                1.  Kajian kes

                2. Phenomenology

                3. Ethnography

                4. Grounded Theory

General Outline of a Research Proposal

1.Introduction

The introduction is the part of the paper that provides readers with the background information for the research reported in the paper. Its purpose is to establish a framework for the research, so that readers can understand how it is related to other research" (Wilkinson, 1991, p. 96).

Dinding Pasar Raya C-Mart Jitra Runtuh

JITRA: Sebahagian dinding bahagian belakang sebuah pasar raya di Bandar Darulaman, di sini, runtuh dipercayai akibat keretakan dinding, pagi ini.

Format Cadangan Penyelidikan

 Penulisan laporan penyelidikan harus dilakukan dengan teliti mengikut format yang tertentu. Antara kandungan yang perlu ada dalam sesebuah penulisan penyelidikan ialah :

Rahsia tahi lalat

 

Self-Efficacy

According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is "the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations." In other words, self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. Bandura described these beliefs as determinants of how people think, behave, and feel (1994).

Incentive Theory of Motivation

The incentive theory suggests that people are motivated to do things because of external rewards. For example, you might be motivated to go to work each day for the monetary reward of being paid. Behavioral learning concepts such as association and reinforcement play an important role in this theory of motivation.

Humanistic Theory of Motivation

Humanistic theories of motivation are based on the idea that people also have strong cognitive reasons to perform various actions. This is famously illustrated in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which presents different motivations at different levels. First, people are motivated to fulfill basic biological needs for food and shelter, as well as those of safety, love and esteem. Once the lower level needs have been met, the primary motivator becomes the need for self-actualization, or the desire to fulfill one's individual potential.

Arousal Theory of Motivation

The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people take certain actions to either decrease or increase levels of arousal. When arousal levels get too low, for example, a person might watch and exciting movie or go for a jog. When arousal levels get too high, on the other hand, a person would probably look for ways to relax such as meditating or reading a book. According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, although this level can vary based on the individual or the situation.

Drive Theory of Motivation

According to the drive theory of motivation, people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs. For example, you might be motivated to drink a glass of water in order to reduce the internal state of thirst. This theory is useful in explaining behaviors that have a strong biological component, such as hunger or thirst. The problem with the drive theory of motivation is that these behaviors are not always motivated purely by physiological needs. For example, people often eat even when they are not really hungry.

Attribution Theory

Attribution Theoryis a motivational theory looking at how the average person constructs the meaning of an event based on his /her motives to find a cause and his/her knowledge of the environment.

 Att. Theory basically looks at how people make sense of their world; what cause and effect inferences they make about the behaviors of others and of themselves. Heider states that there is a strong need in individuals to understand transient events by attributing them to the actor's disposition or to stable characteristics of the environment.

Project Based Learning

Project Based Learning is an instructional approach built upon authentic learning activities that engage student interest and motivation. These activities are designed to answer a question or solve a problem and generally reflect the types of learning and work people do in the everyday world outside the classroom.

Rewards

The use of rewards and reward systems are very common in schools. Teachers frequently use systems of rewards in order to promote appropriate behaviors and to increase academic output (Akin-Little & Little, 2009). Many questions remain about the effectiveness of rewards. Indeed, the important question is no longer whether rewards are effective or ineffective as it was a decade or so ago (Cameron & Pierce, 1994; Cameron, 2001; Deci, Ryan, and Koestner, 2001). Rather, assuming that teachers will use rewards, the question now is, how should rewards be used so that they are not harmful over time (Brophy, 2004; Lepper & Henderlong, 2000)? For whom and under what conditions are rewards effective? What are the long-term effects of rewards? What conditional aspects of rewards need to exist in order to increase intrinsic motivation? 

Teori Modal Budaya

Modal budaya adalah satu konsep sosiologi yang telah mendapat populariti yang meluas sejak ia mula disuarakan oleh Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu dan Jean-Claude Passeron pertama kali menggunakan istilah dalam "Cultural Reproduction dan Social Reproduction" (1973).   

Trip to Legoland, Johor

Disebabkan salah sorang my friend kerja maybank ada discount tiket untuk legoland , so weols decide nak ke legoland. So proposela pada group whatsup pasal plan ni. So nak dijadikan cerita hanya 5 orang saja besetuju untuk ke trip ni. I,joejie(die ni yang keja Maybank Ipoh), Maxel kat Melaka, Shafie kat Batu Pahat dan disertakan dengan 2 kawan kami di Tangkak.

Kenangan di IPGKTHO

2 tahun di IPTHO atau Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Tun Hussein Onn sangat berharga. Penat jerih sebagai Pegawai Peperiksaan takkan dapat dilupakan. Semua pengalaman menjadikan aku lebih tabah, lebih sabar dan menjadi seseorang yang lebih baik.

Teori Ekologi Bronfenbrenner

Urie Bronfenbrenner telah dilahirkan pada 29 April, 1917 di Moscow, Rusia.  Bapanya bernama Dr Alexander Bronfenbrenner dan ibunya ialah Eugenie Kamenetski Bronfenbrenner., Keluarganya berpindah ke Amerika Syarikat apabila Urie berumur enam tahun . Setelah menetap di Pittsburgh untuk suatu tempoh yang singkat, mereka berpindah ke Letchworth Village, iaitu sebuah institusi Orang Terencat Akal di New York, di mana bapanya bekerja sebagai seorang pakar patologi klinikal dan pengarah penyelidikan. Selepas tamat pengajian dari Sekolah Tinggi Haverstraw, Bronfenbrenner menyambung pengajian dalam dua pengkhususan iaitu piskologi dam muzik di Universiti Cornell pada tahun 1938.  Dia telah melakukan kerja-kerja penyelidikan berkaitan psikologi perkembangan serta dapat menghabiskan pengajian peringkat Sarjana di Universiti Harvard, diikuti oleh Ph.D. dari Universiti Michigan pada tahun 1942.